Gold and Silver nanoparticles synthesized by various technique have received special attention because they have found potential application in many fields such as catalysis, sensors, drug delivery system. Additionally, silver nanaparticles possess an excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity. The present investigation have done to check out the synthetic compatibility of Nano particles of some fungal strain i.e. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Pennicelium digitatum and Pennicelium spp.

The present inventory carried out Melghat region. While collecting Ethnobotanical information regarding medicinal plants, the valuable information about the vegetable use of plants noted and presented it in this paper. A total of 189 ethnomedicinally important plants Melghat were surveyed using a schedule to assess the knowledge, availability and consumption pattern of wild leafy vegetables. The study revealed 29 ethnovegetable plants of regular use in the food preparation of Korku. The diversity of wild leafy vegetables being used by the local inhabitants is 29 species belonging to 19 genera and 17 families. The majority of ethnovegetable plants were herbs the majority of the ethnovegetable plants used by Korku tribe in the study area were collected raw from the forest as wild and not cultivated ones. The study indicated that the knowledge is to be transferred properly by old people to the younger generation and should be trained in collection and processing of such wild ethnovegetables. The record of 29 ethnovegetable plant species shows that Korku of Melghat is a distinct tribe. Another feature of Korku usage of plants as drugs is that the use of monocots is frequent in their system as compared to other tribes. Here, out of 29 plant species, 08 are from the monocot.

This study projected for environmental impact driven by the pharmaceutical activity on regional biological environment quality. This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study based on one season primary environmental quality data, environmental impact statement based on the identification, prediction, and evaluation of impact. Detailed studies were carried out about biological components of the environment in the study area of 7 km radial distance from Usgaon as a central point. The paper is dealing with, Study of the biological environment includes the topography, the vegetation type and the flora and fauna of the region along with crops for prediction of impacts due to the existing pharmaceutical effluents and bulk drugs at Marvasodo, Usgaon, and Phonda (Goa).

The antifungal properties shown by different higher plant extracts are due to the presence of phytochemicals. The activities of Alangium solviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin root in controlling two fungal species that belong to Alternaria spp- Alternaria brassicae and A. brassicicola, the causal organisms of leaf blight of crucifers was evaluated in vitro assay. The aqueous extracts of different parts of the tested plant such as bark, stem, root, leaf and flower were screened against test fungi. Among them, the results of the study revealed that the aqueous extracts of A. solviifolium(L.f.) Wangerin root showed the inhibition of mycelial growth against test fungi completely (100%). The phytochemical analysis of active plant has revealed that the presence of some chemical compounds as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenol/tannins, saponins, flavonoids and glycosides in both aqueous and ethanol extracts is likely to be responsible for the antifungal activity against test fungi. This study confirms the presence of various bioactive compounds of an active plant.

Powdery mildew disease of the Black gram, Mung bean and Pea are a major constraint in the production. The resistance of plants to various pathogens depends on synthesis and level of various defence enzymes like hydrolases; peroxidases and antimicrobial compounds like phytoalexins (Kuc, l991 et al Kauffmann et al. l987; Boiler, l987; Mauch et al., l988; Kale and Choudhary 200l, Koche and Choudhary, 2005). The present study focused on visual screening of selected crop cultivars against the powdery mildew and its biochemical correlation with chlorophyll content, sugars, phenols content, PR-proteins and Phytoalexin activities. From the field studies, it was observed that selected crop was found with powdery mildew incidence. This disease incidence data was correlated with biochemical changes and level of chlorophyll, sugars, phenols, PR-protein and Phytoalexin activities.

Most of the agricultural, forest and field crop litters are consisting lignocelluloses, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Among these cellulose is most predominant constituent followed by hemicellulose and lignin. The lignin together with the hemicellulose, encrust the cellulose chains forming a barrier which prevents wetting and access of cellulose-degrading enzymes therefore, the decomposition of litters can be achieved by breaking this association at first. The biodegradation of lignin of field crop litters representing a key step for carbon recycling in land ecosystem, as well as for industrial utilization of plant biomass, humification of dead organic matter by the application of certain bacterial and fungal species. The present study revealed the process of decomposition of plant litters. The fungal species colonized different types of plant litters on the basis of enzymatic activities and resource specificity. The mixtures of microorganisms could degrade lignocellulosic materials of wheat stubbles more efficiently than any individual species; Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Fuserium equiseti, Trichoderma lignorum and Stachybotrys atra. A mixture of fungi and Streptomyces caused 48.0% decomposition while decomposition by an individual species viz. Aspergillus flavus was 36.90% only. It was found that, fungi have better abilities to decompose wheat straw than bacteria and actinomycetes. The mineralisation of plant residues could accelerate the rate of decomposition.

Plants are known to absorb the atmospheric carbon by photosynthesis. This absorbed carbon is stored in various organic forms and helps to produce the biomass. The absorption of the atmospheric carbon is depend on the structure and life form of the plants. Trees dominate this process. Greater and taller is the size of the tree more is the amount of carbon fixed. Hence trees are the major plant forms to absorb maximum atmospheric carbon and biomass production. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to calculate the carbon sequestration of 22 standing tree species in Amrai Park of Sangli city. The biomass and total organic carbon of standing trees is estimated by the non destructive method. The population of Swietenia mahagoni(C) Jacq. is more in the campus and it sequestrates the 77509.25 lbs carbon/year.

Use of plants by ethnic communities always play an important role in the life of common man as it can be another source of information for the betterment of health and longevity. The study of plants used by tribals always encourages the new generation to undertake new aspect of the study. Theriophonum minutum (Willd.). Baill. is a (Family- Araceae) unique ethnomedicinal plant used by the Korku tribe of Melghat Dist. Amravati (Maharashtra) to cure intestinal and duodenal ulcers. There is no mention of well-known pathies like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy, etc. As this is a unique medicinal plant, no anatomical and phytochemical data is available for drug characterization. Drug characterization is important to understand the purity of the drug. Here an attempt is made to study the macro and micromorphology of all plant organs in details.

Plants serve as a vast source for varied phytoconstituents exhibiting varied pharmacological properties. It is one of the richest plant sources of Vitamins A, B (Ramachandran, 1980; Odee, 1998; Jahn et al, 1986; Palada et al, 1995; Gilani et al, 1994) Vit. C, D, E and K. The vital minerals present in Moringa include Calcium, Copper, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese and Zinc. Leaves, flowers, and pods are common vegetables in the Asian diet. The chemical constituents of the Hexane and Ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Flowers were investigated. Different chemical constituents were identified in the extract; unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, and minerals are present in the extract. This work aims to identify the main constituents from Moringa oleifera Lam. Flower extract.

The present study has revealed the presence of phytochemicals considered as active medicinal chemical constituents. Important medicinal phytochemicals such as terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, glycosides were studied in the collected samples. Plant Aegle marmelos Corr. having all these phytochemicals. Saponin was found only in two plants out of nine plants i.e. Achyranthes aspera Linn. and Semecarpus anacardium Linn. Terpenoids were found in Aegle marmelos Corr., Calotropis gigantea Linn.R.Br., Mimosa pudica Linn. Terpenoids are reported to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimalarial, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and antibacterial. Cardiac glycosides content was found in Achyranthes aspera Linn., Aegle marmelos Corr., Mimosa pudica Linn., Tribulus terrestris Linn., Calotropis gigantea Linn.R.Br., Ricinus communis Linn.. Cardiac glycosides have been used for over two centuries as a stimulant in case of cardiac failure. The flavonoids were found in Achyranthes aspera Linn., Aegle marmelos Corr., Calotropis gigantea Linn., Mimosa pudica Linn., Cissus quadrangularis Linn. Mart., Tribulus terrestris Linn. The biological functions of flavonoids apart from its antioxidant properties include protection against allergies, inflammation, free radicals, platelet aggregation, microbes, ulcers, hepotoxins, viruses and tumors.

Tribal people are inhabiting indifferent locations of Pilibhit Tiger reserve region of Rohilkhand division of Uttar Pradesh state of India. The study area comprises of second largest forest cover among all the districts of Uttar Pradesh. This manuscript provides information on 21 medicinal plants belonging to 17 angiosperm families which are used by different tribal groups and indigenous people for curing various animal diseases. Few of the important medicinal plants are Achyranthus, Datura, Polygonum, Litsea, Bombax, Azadirachta etc. The use of locally grown, wild medicinal plants for curing different animal ailments was observed to be widespread and prevalent in this area.